শুক্রবার, ১৯ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Justice's wife says husband shot Texas DA

KAUFMAN, Texas (AP) ? The wife of a former North Texas justice of the peace implicated her husband in the shooting deaths of a local district attorney, his wife and an assistant prosecutor, according to court records filed Wednesday.

An arrest affidavit revealed Kim Lene Williams told investigators Tuesday that her husband, Eric Lyle Williams, was the triggerman in the slayings of Kaufman County District Attorney Mike McLelland and his wife, Cynthia, and assistant prosecutor Mark Hasse. McLelland and Hasse prosecuted Eric Williams last year for theft of three computer monitors.

Kim Williams was arrested early Wednesday and charged with capital murder. Eric Williams has been in custody, charged with making terroristic threats. He has not been charged in the slayings.

The affidavit says Kim Williams "described in detail her role along with that of her husband." However, the document does not outline what Kim Williams' alleged role was.

After Eric Williams was convicted of theft, he lost his elected position as justice of the peace ? a judge who handles mostly administrative duties ? and his law license. He was sentenced to probation.

The McLellands were found dead March 30, two months after Hasse was slain.

The officer who signed the affidavit, Kaufman County Sheriff's Sgt. Matt Woodall, said he had learned from other officers and county employees that Hasse and Mike McLelland both believed Williams blamed them for the loss of his job and carried handguns because they thought he was "a threat to their personal safety."

Kim Williams was being held on $10 million bond at the Kaufman County Jail, sheriff's spokesman Lt. Justin Lewis said. He declined to answer questions Wednesday about the investigation but said families of the victims would be briefed on the case.

Her husband is being held on $3 million bond.

A probable cause affidavit says the former justice of the peace sent an email one day after the McLellands' bodies were discovered implying there would be another attack if authorities didn't respond to various demands.

A law enforcement official said ballistics experts were testing at least 20 weapons found in a storage locker under Eric Williams' name at a facility near Dallas. A Ford Crown Victoria similar to one spotted in the McLellands' neighborhood around the time the couple was killed was parked at the storage facility, said the official, who spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the ongoing investigation.

Jail records did not list an attorney for Kim Williams. A message left with an attorney who had been representing her husband was not returned Wednesday.

Williams has said that after the McLellands' deaths and after Hasse was gunned down Jan. 31 near the county courthouse, he submitted to gunshot residue tests and turned over his cellphone.

Williams has appealed his theft conviction, and a day before the McLellands' bodies were found, a state appeals court in Dallas agreed to hear oral arguments in the case.

During closing arguments at Williams' trial, the prosecutors presented testimony indicating he had made death threats against a former girlfriend and a local attorney.

In the sentencing phase, Kim Williams testified in her husband's defense. She said she suffers from several illnesses, including rheumatoid arthritis and chronic fatigue syndrome. She said her husband was her sole caregiver as well as the caregiver for her two ailing parents.

"Eric is a loving man," she testified. "He wouldn't do anything to hurt anybody. I'm standing by him 100 percent."

While Eric Williams was well known in the community as a lawyer and more recently a justice of the peace, his wife was largely invisible, according to Steve Hulme, an attorney who lives in Kaufman.

Hulme said he knew that Kim Williams had illnesses and that her parents, who live in the same neighborhood, also are in poor health. Beyond that, little else about her was known, he said.

"This is just shocking," Hulme said.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/records-ex-officials-wife-says-husband-shot-da-210124457.html

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Psy's 'Gentleman' Nears 125 Million Views, But Can It Match 'Gangnam Style'?

'He set the bar pretty high to match the success of 'Gangnam Style,' ' says Billboard's Silvio Pietroluongo.
By Gil Kaufman


Psy's "Gentleman" artwork
Photo: School Boy Records

Source: http://www.mtv.com/news/articles/1705859/psy-gentleman-youtube-views-gangnam-style.jhtml

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বৃহস্পতিবার, ১৮ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Powerpot turns heat and water into electricity

Apr. 16, 2013 ? Camping in the backcountry may never be the same.

Power Practical, a student startup that sprang from research at the University of Utah, is selling a portable cook pot that transforms heat and water into a power source. Imagine charging your cellphone or using speakers in the mountains at night far from civilization. That's what the device, called the PowerPot, can do with just a campfire and a little water. Using thermoelectricity, the PowerPot generates power by capturing the electrons moving from the heated pot to the cooler water inside. The greater the temperature difference, the more electricity is generated.

The company has a growing variety of PowerPots that serve different needs. The basic model, the PowerPot V, weighs less than a pound and produces 5 volts, enough to charge a cellphone in 60 to 90 minutes. Larger models, like the PowerPot X, produce 10 volts and can charge larger devices, like a tablet computer.

The PowerPot is more than just an idea. The company has already shipped more than 1,000 units after attracting $126,000 in funding from its debut on Kickstarter, a crowdfunding platform, and they recently raised an additional $750,000 in seed funding. The device is available for $149 on the company website and at select retailers. The team just landed a deal to sell the PowerPot at the new Scheels store in Salt Lake City. They are also selling it at Sportsman's Warehouse, and other distribution partnerships are on the horizon.

The students behind the company have been surprised by its rapid growth and are struggling to keep up with growing interest and demand.

"We knew we were on to something when we got requests from around the world and more than doubled our goal during our Kickstarter campaign," says David Toledo, a co-inventor and founder. "We just shipped all of those orders, and we are quickly getting our product into more stores."

Toledo graduated from the U in 2010 with a bachelor's degree in materials science and engineering. He is putting his Ph.D. at Cornell on hold to build his company. Paul Slusser is the other co-inventor and founder. He graduated from the U in 2009 with a bachelor's and master's in materials science and engineering.

"David and Paul are examples of what makes engineering so exciting -- by mixing creativity, science, math and design education, they came up with a product that improves the quality of life for people around the world," says Richard Brown, dean of the College of Engineering at the U. "Being entrepreneurial comes naturally to many engineers -- in fact, 41 percent of the spinoff companies from the U are from engineering."

Camping enthusiasts are important customers, but they are far from the only target market. PowerPots could become a staple in emergency preparedness kits. And perhaps the biggest market is in developing countries, where cellphone usage is exploding despite the fact that many people don't have electricity in their homes.

"There are hundreds of millions of people with cellphones in Africa, and most people need to walk more than a mile and spend a big chunk of their income simply to charge their phone," says Riley Swenson, the marketing director at Power Practical who has a degree in political science from the U.

Toledo and Slusser invented the device while studying thermoelectricity. Initially, Toledo and Slusser, who were roommates, just wanted to experiment with a thermoelectric generator. In 2008, they bought a thermoelectric cooling device from eBay, tore it apart, tried to improve it and turned their attention toward developing a thermoelectric device that could produce power. Months passed, and they eventually built the first prototype using an old pot from Toledo's mom.

The project hit some roadblocks, and Toledo and Slusser graduated and left the area. Toledo started working on a Ph.D. at Cornell; Slusser took a job in San Jose. Then, while surfing the Internet in New York, Toledo made a breakthrough -- he found a cheap power regulator designed for hobbyists. It was the essential component they needed to make their invention useful by providing a steady power stream.

From there, everything started coming together. Toledo took a leave of absence from Cornell. He and Slusser moved back to Salt Lake to work on the project, and together they assembled their business team.

Other members of the Power Practical team include Matt Ford, the CEO who graduated with a degree in finance from the U in 1990; Wafiq Ali, who is graduating this May with a business degree from the U; Caleb Light, a business graduate from University Valley University; and Kenyon Ellis, an international studies student at the U.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/UrFHBsa98zU/130416114124.htm

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Oakland company bridges writing and tech with the Smartpen ...

Gilles Bouchard, chief executive officer uses Livescribe's new Sky Wi-Fi Pen and Portfolio.

Gilles Bouchard, chief executive officer uses Livescribe's new Sky Wi-Fi Pen and Portfolio.

Oakland-based Livescribe, Inc. has taken the ancient art of writing and turned it into a stylish high-tech concept that helps professionals and students maximize their ability to capture information and move it from notepad to computer screen.

?The pen connects two worlds that don?t usually communicate well together?writing and technology,? said Gilles Bouchard, chief executive officer of the privately held, venture capital-backed computer software and peripherals company.

A case filled with awards stands near the reception desk of the company?s offices, which are located near the Oakland Airport. Customer comments praising the product have been turned into artwork that decorates the walls of the offices on the 12th floor on Oakport Street, where 70 employees are at work on the next generation of products connecting the pen and keyboard.

Livescribe introduced its first Smartpen five years ago, bridging the gap between the written word and computer technology. The Smartpen works both by recording audio and by allowing the user to take notes on a special kind of paper, then transfer those notes directly to a computer.

The pen was originally marketed to students who regularly capture information presented in class in multiple formats. Special needs students who require additional assistance logging data also use the pen. The market was later expanded to include business professionals who at the time made up approximately 70 percent of the company?s customer base.

With a click of the record button and the tap of the pen on a piece of paper printed with what the company calls ?micro-dots,? the mini computer in the pen records information transcribed onto the page, including drawings and charts, while also capturing audio. The ink on the dotted paper appears in green to indicate that an audio recording is also attached to what is written on the sheet. ?Once the information is uploaded to the computer, the user can tap anywhere the green ink appears on the page for audio playback.

While the Echo version of the pen uses a USB cable to transfer data from the pen to the computer, the company?s newest product, the Skypen, is a Wi-Fi pen. It allows users to connect wirelessly and upload content that can be stored in the cloud and distributed to multiple applications and mobile devices using Evernote, software used for notetaking and archiving data.

This technology solves real problems, Bouchard said. Students with physical challenges, and those with test anxiety, say using the Livescribe pen helps them to focus on what the teacher is saying because they can capture more information, he said. ??We have a product that?s very unique,? he said. ?Once people know and use it, they really like it. But it?s also so different. It?s not just another PC or another computer or another phone, another camera. It?s a Smartpen.?

More than 1 million Smartpens have sold since they were introduced in 2007. The price of the Sky Wi-Fi Smartpen ranges from $169 for a 2GB pen to $249 for an entire package that includes the pen, cartridges, USB cable and a starter dot paper notebook. The current price for an Echo 2GB is $119.

The goal for the future is to make it look more like a pen, less?tech-y?in design and easier to use. You turn it on, write and it uploads, Bouchard said.

In the next six to 12 months, consumers can expect to see some of the new technology the company is working on now, Bouchard said, which could translate into a lower price or a lighter or smaller pen.

Livescribe representatives describe the company as ?well funded;??they have?raised more than $100 million to date.?The company?s lead investor is?Vantage Point Venture Partners.

Jim Marggraff?the inventor of paper-based computing products such as LeapPad and Fly Pentop?founded the company in 2007. The idea was ?bringing paper to the digital world,? Marggraff said in the company?s five-year anniversary video.

The company?s product has evolved quickly over a short period of time. Its technology earned Livescribe a position as a finalist in the category of engineering and design at the first East Bay Innovation Awards in 2012, a nomination that comes directly from the business community.

Bouchard has a background in mechanical engineering and has been in the consumer and technology industry for more then 25 years. He decided to come to Livescribe because the company has ?incredible potential,? he said.

?What?s exciting to me about technology is to take something that?s small and exciting and make it into a real business,? Bouchard said. ?I think this is what Livescribe is right now. It?s a good business.? A good idea but it?s still in the very early stages. I saw the potential of taking this idea and making it really relevant to a lot of people.?

One possibility, he said, is bridging the gap between the Smartpen?s unique product market and the mobile computing world, since the pens are natural companions to mobile devices. ?We have great potential and a great future. I envision a world filled with Smartpens,? Bouchard said.

Source: http://oaklandnorth.net/2013/04/16/oakland-company-bridges-writing-and-tech-with-the-smartpen/

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বুধবার, ১৭ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

South African Airways and India's Jet Airways Sign Code Share ...

Johannesburg -?South African Airways (SAA) and Jet Airways, India?s premier international airline, have announced a code share agreement that will enable seamless air travel connectivity to several business centres in India and South Africa. Tickets went on sale on 16 April 2013 with travel effective from 18 April 2013.

Under the arrangement; South African Airways, the only airline with non-stop flights between Johannesburg and Mumbai, will code share on Jet Airways? operations between Mumbai and Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai and Thiruvananthapuram. In turn, Jet Airways will code share on SAA?s flights between Mumbai and Johannesburg and beyond to Cape Town and Durban.

Customers who are members of SAA?s loyalty programme, Voyager, will be able to earn miles and obtain tier status when travelling on Jet Airways using SAA-issued tickets. Likewise, members of Jet Airways? Jet Privilege programme will also be able to earn and redeem JPMiles and earn Tier points/Tier JPMiles when they travel on SAA flights marketed by Jet Airways. This provides an opportunity for customers to spend miles exploring the various Indian and South African destinations on offer.

?SAA is pleased with this latest offering on the India route. This partnership strengthens the historic commercial, political and cultural cooperation between South Africa and India. In essence, the agreement further supports the objectives of the BRICS member states,? said Mr. Manoj Papa, SAA?s acting General Manager: Commercial.

Mr. Sudheer Raghavan, Jet Airways? Chief Commercial Officer, elaborated: ?Jet Airways is delighted to enter into a codeshare partnership with SAA, South Africa?s flag carrier. Besides its global popularity as a tourist destination, South Africa, in its capacity as Africa?s largest economy, is also a strategic trade and investment destination. With the seamless connections offered between India and South Africa, we are confident that this mutually beneficial codeshare will prove extremely popular with both business and leisure travellers.?

A recent study by the Department of Tourism indicated that the number of tourists from India to South Africa has steadily increased in recent years by over 122% between 2005 and 2010 and a further 29% increase between January and September 2011.

?We have been witnessing a steady increase in the number of business and leisure travellers coming into South Africa. Using Johannesburg as a convenient connection hub, a significant number of these travellers are also taking advantage of SAA?s vast route network of 26 destinations across Africa as well as access to over 1300 airports in almost 200 countries through our Star Alliance membership,? explained Papa.

The codeshare agreement will effectively enhance flight choices for customers, whether originating in India or Africa. ?In essence we are truly bringing the world to Africa and taking Africa to the world,? Papa asserted.?

Source: http://www.adventuretravelnews.com/south-african-airways-and-indias-jet-airways-sign-code-share-agreement-passengers-set-to-get-seamless-air-travel-connection-to-nine-key-cities

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শুক্রবার, ১২ এপ্রিল, ২০১৩

Kid Battling Brain Cancer Scores A TD In Nebraska Spring Game ...

http%3A%2F%2Fboston.barstoolsports.com%2Frandom-thoughts%2Fkid-battling-brain-cancer-scores-a-td-in-nebraska-spring-game%2F

?

?

Very cool.?? Got a bit dusty in here.

By elpresidente posted April 7th, 2013 at 12:07 PM

Source: http://boston.barstoolsports.com/random-thoughts/kid-battling-brain-cancer-scores-a-td-in-nebraska-spring-game/

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Unusual suspect: Hopkins scientists find 'second fiddle' protein's role in Type 2 diabetes

Unusual suspect: Hopkins scientists find 'second fiddle' protein's role in Type 2 diabetes [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 11-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Ekaterina Pesheva
peshev1@jhmi.edu
410-502-9433
Johns Hopkins Medicine

Discovery in mice may help quest to restore function in damaged insulin cells

A team of researchers at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center has found that a protein long believed to have a minor role in type 2 diabetes is, in fact, a central player in the development of the condition that affects nearly 26 million people in the United States alone and counts as one of the leading causes of heart disease, stroke and kidney, eye and nerve damage.

Working with mice, the scientists discovered that a protein called EPAC2 deemed a second-fiddle player up until now is actually an important regulator of insulin that appears to work by nudging insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas to ramp up production of the sugar-regulating hormone when the body needs it most. Until now, EPAC2 was suspected of playing a merely supporting role as a signaling molecule, but scientists remained uncertain why and how that mattered, if at all.

The results of the federally funded research, described online April 11 in the journal Diabetes, also suggest EPAC2 could provide an important new target for treatment to restore pancreatic cell function, the researchers say. Current diabetes treatments halt disease progression at best and focus on controlling symptoms and averting complications, so therapies that actually reverse the disease are badly needed.

"Drugs that precision-target failing pancreatic cells and restore or boost their function have become the holy grail of diabetes research. We believe that our finding establishes a pathway to do just that," says lead investigator Mehboob Hussain, M.D., a pediatric endocrinologist at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center and a metabolism expert at the newly formed Johns Hopkins Diabetes Institute.

The researchers say several experimental compounds known to alter EPAC2 are now lined up for testing in diabetic animals, but caution that their findings remain far from human application.

Type 2 diabetes stems from the failure of beta cells members of a family of hormone-secreting pancreatic cells known as islets of Langerhans to keep up with the body's demand for insulin. Insulin regulates blood sugar by transporting glucose from the blood into organs and tissues for fuel or storage. The body normally releases extra insulin when blood sugar levels surge after eating, but repeated or continued overeating and high-fat diets put added demand on the pancreas to churn out more insulin to keep up with constantly high blood sugar levels. The chronically overworked beta cells eventually slow down their insulin output until it ceases altogether. Insulin deficiency causes abnormal buildup of glucose in the blood and the body's inability to deliver it as fuel to organs and tissues. This, the researchers say, is the essence of diabetes.

Working with mice whose pancreatic cells were missing the EPAC2 signaling molecule, the researchers found that lean, healthy mice regulated their blood sugar levels even in the absence of EPAC2. Short-term surges in food consumption did not affect the mice's ability to regulate their blood sugar, but when the mice were put on a high-fat diet for a month, they developed a condition similar to human diabetes. At the same time, a group of overfed, pudgy mice with intact EPAC2 managed to control blood sugar levels without a problem. In other words, EPAC2 remained dormant and played no role in insulin production under normal conditions, but emerged as a critical factor when the fat mice needed more insulin to control their surging blood sugar levels. This finding led the scientists to believe EPAC2 is an important fail-safe mechanism unlocked only during abnormal conditions.

"It is as if during these extreme conditions, the body calls upon EPAC2 as backup to help it balance insulin supply and demand," Hussain says.

The study further reveals that EPAC2 is critical because it acts as a link in a signaling cascade that culminates in the release of insulin by pancreatic cells. Comparing EPAC2-deficient and normal pancreatic cells under a microscope, the investigators found that the EPAC2-deficient cells were unable to regulate calcium, a well-known catalyst that triggers the release of insulin into the blood. EPAC2 functioned as calcium's gatekeeper, the researchers say. In its absence, calcium did not reach the critical mass needed to initiate the release of insulin.

The researchers say it remains unclear whether type 2 diabetes damages EPAC2 directly or whether EPAC2 can coax the cells to crank out extra insulin only for so long and eventually gives up. Either way, Hussain says, targeting EPAC2 with drugs could ratchet up the beta cells' dwindling insulin production and nip, or even reverse, diabetes at its root.

Type 2 diabetes is the predominant form of the disease, accounting for more than 90 percent of all diabetes diagnoses. It is commonly associated with diet and lifestyle. Previously seen mostly in middle-aged and older adults, type 2 diabetes is now increasingly diagnosed in younger people and children, a phenomenon fueled by growing obesity rates, experts say.

###

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant numbers DK090245, DK090816, DK084949 and DK 079637).

Co-investigators on the study were Woo-Jin Song, Prosenjit Mondal, Yuanyuan Li and Suh Eun Lee, all of Johns Hopkins.

Related on the Web:

Insulin releasing switch discovered
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/insulin_releasing_switch_discovered

Animal Study Finds Surprising Clues to Obesity-Induced Infertility
http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/Animal-Study-Finds-Surprising-Clues-to-Obesity-Induced-Infertility.aspx

Old Diabetes Drug Teaches Experts New Tricks
http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/Old__Diabetes_Drug_Teaches_Experts_New_Tricks.aspx

Diabetes journal
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/

Founded in 1912 as the children's hospital of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, the Johns Hopkins Children's Center offers one of the most comprehensive pediatric medical programs in the country, with nearly 95,000 patient visits and some 9,000 admissions each year. Hopkins Children's is consistently ranked among the top children's hospitals in the nation. Hopkins Children's is Maryland's largest children's hospital and the only state-designated Trauma Service and Burn Unit for pediatric patients. It has recognized Centers of Excellence in dozens of pediatric subspecialties, including allergy, cardiology, cystic fibrosis, gastroenterology, nephrology, neurology, neurosurgery, oncology, pulmonary, and transplant. For more information, visit http://www.hopkinschildrens.org.

Media Contacts: Ekaterina Pesheva, epeshev1@jhmi.edu, (410) 502-9433, (410) 926-6780 cell
Helen Jones, hjones49@jhmi.edu, (410) 502-9422


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Unusual suspect: Hopkins scientists find 'second fiddle' protein's role in Type 2 diabetes [ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 11-Apr-2013
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: Ekaterina Pesheva
peshev1@jhmi.edu
410-502-9433
Johns Hopkins Medicine

Discovery in mice may help quest to restore function in damaged insulin cells

A team of researchers at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center has found that a protein long believed to have a minor role in type 2 diabetes is, in fact, a central player in the development of the condition that affects nearly 26 million people in the United States alone and counts as one of the leading causes of heart disease, stroke and kidney, eye and nerve damage.

Working with mice, the scientists discovered that a protein called EPAC2 deemed a second-fiddle player up until now is actually an important regulator of insulin that appears to work by nudging insulin-secreting cells of the pancreas to ramp up production of the sugar-regulating hormone when the body needs it most. Until now, EPAC2 was suspected of playing a merely supporting role as a signaling molecule, but scientists remained uncertain why and how that mattered, if at all.

The results of the federally funded research, described online April 11 in the journal Diabetes, also suggest EPAC2 could provide an important new target for treatment to restore pancreatic cell function, the researchers say. Current diabetes treatments halt disease progression at best and focus on controlling symptoms and averting complications, so therapies that actually reverse the disease are badly needed.

"Drugs that precision-target failing pancreatic cells and restore or boost their function have become the holy grail of diabetes research. We believe that our finding establishes a pathway to do just that," says lead investigator Mehboob Hussain, M.D., a pediatric endocrinologist at the Johns Hopkins Children's Center and a metabolism expert at the newly formed Johns Hopkins Diabetes Institute.

The researchers say several experimental compounds known to alter EPAC2 are now lined up for testing in diabetic animals, but caution that their findings remain far from human application.

Type 2 diabetes stems from the failure of beta cells members of a family of hormone-secreting pancreatic cells known as islets of Langerhans to keep up with the body's demand for insulin. Insulin regulates blood sugar by transporting glucose from the blood into organs and tissues for fuel or storage. The body normally releases extra insulin when blood sugar levels surge after eating, but repeated or continued overeating and high-fat diets put added demand on the pancreas to churn out more insulin to keep up with constantly high blood sugar levels. The chronically overworked beta cells eventually slow down their insulin output until it ceases altogether. Insulin deficiency causes abnormal buildup of glucose in the blood and the body's inability to deliver it as fuel to organs and tissues. This, the researchers say, is the essence of diabetes.

Working with mice whose pancreatic cells were missing the EPAC2 signaling molecule, the researchers found that lean, healthy mice regulated their blood sugar levels even in the absence of EPAC2. Short-term surges in food consumption did not affect the mice's ability to regulate their blood sugar, but when the mice were put on a high-fat diet for a month, they developed a condition similar to human diabetes. At the same time, a group of overfed, pudgy mice with intact EPAC2 managed to control blood sugar levels without a problem. In other words, EPAC2 remained dormant and played no role in insulin production under normal conditions, but emerged as a critical factor when the fat mice needed more insulin to control their surging blood sugar levels. This finding led the scientists to believe EPAC2 is an important fail-safe mechanism unlocked only during abnormal conditions.

"It is as if during these extreme conditions, the body calls upon EPAC2 as backup to help it balance insulin supply and demand," Hussain says.

The study further reveals that EPAC2 is critical because it acts as a link in a signaling cascade that culminates in the release of insulin by pancreatic cells. Comparing EPAC2-deficient and normal pancreatic cells under a microscope, the investigators found that the EPAC2-deficient cells were unable to regulate calcium, a well-known catalyst that triggers the release of insulin into the blood. EPAC2 functioned as calcium's gatekeeper, the researchers say. In its absence, calcium did not reach the critical mass needed to initiate the release of insulin.

The researchers say it remains unclear whether type 2 diabetes damages EPAC2 directly or whether EPAC2 can coax the cells to crank out extra insulin only for so long and eventually gives up. Either way, Hussain says, targeting EPAC2 with drugs could ratchet up the beta cells' dwindling insulin production and nip, or even reverse, diabetes at its root.

Type 2 diabetes is the predominant form of the disease, accounting for more than 90 percent of all diabetes diagnoses. It is commonly associated with diet and lifestyle. Previously seen mostly in middle-aged and older adults, type 2 diabetes is now increasingly diagnosed in younger people and children, a phenomenon fueled by growing obesity rates, experts say.

###

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (grant numbers DK090245, DK090816, DK084949 and DK 079637).

Co-investigators on the study were Woo-Jin Song, Prosenjit Mondal, Yuanyuan Li and Suh Eun Lee, all of Johns Hopkins.

Related on the Web:

Insulin releasing switch discovered
http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/media/releases/insulin_releasing_switch_discovered

Animal Study Finds Surprising Clues to Obesity-Induced Infertility
http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/Animal-Study-Finds-Surprising-Clues-to-Obesity-Induced-Infertility.aspx

Old Diabetes Drug Teaches Experts New Tricks
http://www.hopkinschildrens.org/Old__Diabetes_Drug_Teaches_Experts_New_Tricks.aspx

Diabetes journal
http://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/

Founded in 1912 as the children's hospital of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, the Johns Hopkins Children's Center offers one of the most comprehensive pediatric medical programs in the country, with nearly 95,000 patient visits and some 9,000 admissions each year. Hopkins Children's is consistently ranked among the top children's hospitals in the nation. Hopkins Children's is Maryland's largest children's hospital and the only state-designated Trauma Service and Burn Unit for pediatric patients. It has recognized Centers of Excellence in dozens of pediatric subspecialties, including allergy, cardiology, cystic fibrosis, gastroenterology, nephrology, neurology, neurosurgery, oncology, pulmonary, and transplant. For more information, visit http://www.hopkinschildrens.org.

Media Contacts: Ekaterina Pesheva, epeshev1@jhmi.edu, (410) 502-9433, (410) 926-6780 cell
Helen Jones, hjones49@jhmi.edu, (410) 502-9422


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-04/jhm-ush040913.php

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